ASKAP EMU continuum image (left) and variance image (right) with pulsar detection highlighted. From Ahmad et al. 2025

It has been suggested that radio pulsars can be distinguished from other point-like radio sources in continuum images by their unique interstellar scintillation signatures. Using data from the ASKAP EMU survey, Ahmad et al. conducted a pilot survey of radio pulsars at high Galactic latitude regions via the variance imaging method. From approximately 59,800 compact radio sources detected in a ∼480 square degree survey area, they identified 20 highly variable sources. Of these, 9 are known pulsars, 1 is a known radio star, 1 is an ultra-long period source, 3 are radio star candidates, and the remaining 6 are pulsar candidates. Notably, they discovered two strongly scintillating pulsars: one with a period of 85.7 ms and a dispersion measure (DM) of 19.4 cm−3 pc, and another with a period of 5.5 ms and a DM of 29.5 cm−3 pc. In addition, a third pulsar was discovered in the variance images, with a period of 14.8 ms and a DM of 39.0 cm−3 pc. This source shows a steep radio spectrum and a high degree of circular polarisation. The image above shows a portion of an EMU radio-continuum image at 943.5 MHz. The field of view is 2×2 square degrees. The white region at the bottom-left corner lies outside the FWHM for the primary beam, which is approximately 1.5 degrees. The beam size of the radio image is 15 arcsec × 15 arcsec and shown at the bottom left corner. The colour bar is in units of Jy/beam. Right: The corresponding variance image containing the new pulsar J2223–0654 in a square box. The region of enhanced variance at the top left corner is due to the sidelobes of an out-of-beam bright source. These results underscore the strong potential of variance imaging for pulsar detection in full EMU and future radio continuum surveys planned with Square Kilometre Array (SKA).